Mass spectrometry is a key analytical technique in chemistry. This article explains how a Time-of-Flight (TOF) spectrometer works, interprets spectra of elements like Mg and Cl, and shows how isotopic abundance determines average atomic mass.
Melting Points and Boiling Points As we move down the group from carbon (C) to lead (Pb), both melting points and boiling points generally decrease. It’s important to note that …
Reactions with Oxygen Group 2 elements, also known as alkaline earth metals, readily react with oxygen to form oxides. Let’s explore the formation, properties, and trends within the group. Formation …
This section looks at the trends in atomic and physical properties of Group 2 elements: beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, and barium. It provides clear information on key properties, such as …
Group 1 elements, also known as alkali metals, are found on the far left side of the periodic table. This group includes lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), …
13.2 Period 3 (Na to Ar) Elements in Period 3 Period 3 of the periodic table contains eight elements, spanning from sodium (Na) to argon (Ar): In this period, the …
Demarcation of the Periodic Table into s, p, d, and f-Blocks The periodic table is systematically divided into four blocks based on the type of valence orbital where the outermost …
Intermolecular Forces Intermolecular forces play a crucial role in determining the physical properties of liquids, such as boiling point, surface tension, and viscosity. Understanding these forces helps explain many behaviors …
🔬 Kinetic Molecular Interpretation of Liquids The Kinetic Molecular Theory (KMT) helps explain the behavior of liquids by considering the strong intermolecular forces and the close proximity of their molecules. …
Curriculum Topics and Sub-topics Student Learning Outcomes Cognitive Level K U A 4. States of Matter I: Gases 4.1 Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases 4.1.1 describe the kinetic molecular theory …